Planning for Energy Self-Reliance: A Case Study of the District of Columbia

This was the first study to track the flow of energy-related dollars through an urban economy and the impact on this flow from an aggressive energy efficiency and solar energy initiative.  The study concluded that 85 cents of every energy dollar left the city, a far higher leakage than from any other household expenditure. The study also estimated the rooftop space available in DC for solar and the economic impact of energy efficiency.

By David Morris, Brian Beyer, Charles Dana, Eric Fersht and John Plunkett, first published in 1978.